Theory Nexus

Cancer is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations and alterations. To date, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been the primary treatments for cancer, but they are associated with significant side effects and often lead to treatment resistance. The development of immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, has brought a significant improvement in cancer treatment. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy, and even those who do may develop resistance or relapse. Recently, neoantigen therapy has emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatment. Here, we will discuss what neoantigen therapy is, its principles, the current state of research, and the potential challenges and limitations. What are neoantigens? Neoantigens are newly formed antigens that arise from mutations in cancer cells, leading to the expression of abnormal proteins. These proteins are processed and presented to T cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecul...